Executive Summary The disruption around the Strait of Hormuz has brought up the old question of its strategic implications for South Asia – can the region reduce its dependence on western sea lanes by expanding its eastern maritime connectivity through the Bay of Bengal? For countries like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, as well as landlocked…

The security landscape of South Asia is undergoing a significant transformation, as non-traditional security threats are becoming increasingly prominent compared to traditional security threats. The spread of misinformation and disinformation, along with a deepening energy insecurity, underscores two of the rising issues that require immediate attention in an era of rapid digitisation and global interdependence.…

Conflict in the present day and age is characterised more and more by a strategic use of force and influence below conventional thresholds rather than formal declarations of war. This evolving landscape of security challenges has given rise to the concept of Hybrid Warfare, which includes the integration of military, irregular, cyber, and informational tools…

The world order that states have long operated within, the so-called rules-based order or Pax Americana, the liberal international order built by the US in the aftermath of WW II and led by it in the post-Cold War period, appears to either have already eroded or to be in visible decline. Recent developments, including the…